Dual crankshaft power delivery arrangement



1954 B. w; ROGERS 2,683,384

mum. CRANKSHAFT POWER DELIVERY ARRANGEMENT Filed Nov. 2, 1949 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 July 13, 1954 B. w. ROGERS DUAL CRANKSHAFT POWER DELIVERY ARRANGEMENT 2 t e e v mQ m m5 h um\ 3 g e 9 V Ma v w i l w 3 N d e, 1 1 nu Patented July 13, 195 4 UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE DUAL CRANKSHAFT POWER DELIVERY ARRANGEMENT 1 Claim.

This invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines.

An object of this invention is to supply torque to a drive shaft and a power shaft from a first and a second crankshaft, said crankshaft, drive shaft and power shaft being arranged so that the drive shaft may derive its torque from both of the crankshafts or one of the crankshafts, as desired, and so that the power shaft may be operated with said dive shaft or be rendered inoperative.

Another object of this invention is to deliver torque to the drive shaft and power shaft as described above and by such an arrangement of clutches that the drive shaft may be rendered ineffectual and the power shaft may be operated by one or both of said crankshafts.

Another object of this invention is to conserve space by providing a single cylinder'block with a pair of groups of cylinders and two crankshafts, one crankshaft being operatively connected with one group of pistons, while the other crankshaft is operativeiy connected with the other group of pistons, whereby from casual inspection the engine appears to be a single engine, however, the crankshafts being so aranged as to be capable of delivering torque independent of each other and torque which is the summation of the output of both crankshafts.

A further object of this invention is to adapt the internal combustion engine capable of the above operation in a tractor or other vehicle so that the drive shaft is arranged to operate a single transmission and differential in order to actuate the tractor or other vehicle, thereby leaving the power shaft to operate a power takeoff for coupling with various appurtenances.

Ancillary objects and features will become apparent in following the description of the illustrated forms of the invention. ,7 I j Figure 1 is an elevational view of .a typical.

tractor with the invention incorporated therein,

. portions of' the tractor being broken away to illustrate detail of construction;

Figure 2 is a bottom view of one embodiment of the invention, illustrating the adaptation of the principle to ai type block; v V A Figure 3 is a bottom view of another form of the invention, showing the adaptation of the,

principle to a multiple engine with the cylinders in parallel rows; v r w I Figure 4 is a bottom View of another modifica tion ofthe invention, the differentiating features including the adaptation. of the invention in an engiri'of the iii-line type;

Figure 5 is a schematic View showing both groups of pistons being employed for operating the drive shaft of the vehicle, or the driven shaft with respect to the engine;

Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the arrangement when one group of pistons is employed to operate the driven shaft while the other group is employed to operate the power take-off through the power shaft;

Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the arrangement whereby one group of pistons is employed for actuating the driven shaft and the power shaft; and

Figure 8 is a schematic view illustrating the condition existing when both groups of pistons are employed to operate both shafts, that is, the driven shaft and the power shaft.

The invention consists of improvements in internal combustion engine structure and arrangernent for adaptation to a vehicle, as the illustrated tractor l9, whereby operation of the power take-off is obtained notwithstanding the operation of the tractor. Fuel economy is an important factor in vehicle operation, whether the vehicle is of the type employed in farming operations or whether the vehicle is any other type. Several arrangements have been resorted to in order to conserve fuel in the operation of farm equipment. To my knowledge, it is old to employ the same engine for operation of the tractor and operation of the power take-01f, a clutch being provided for operating the power take-off independent of the movement of the vehicle. However, all during this period, the entire tractor engine is operative in order to actuate the power take-off. An engine designed to pull a tractor, the tractor usually towing some other piece of machinery, of necessity must be far larger than is necessary to operate a power takeoff. Accordingly, in order to actuate an engine designed for a far greater load than is necessary, more fuel is used; than is necessarywhen a power take-off onlyis employed. I

The instant invention provides an arrangement in the actual engine structure whereby only a portion of said structure is employed under varying operation conditions regardless of these conditions. A selectivity of operation so as to leave the choice of how much of the engine is tobe used, is left'within the prerogative of the tractor operator, when the invention is employed in a tractor. In using .theinventive principle in connection with other types of equipment, the

- I choice will be left to the operator of that par.-

ticular type of equipment.

To provide two independent engines to serve the same function as the instant invention is not practical due to the space limitation of a tractor. Moreover, the clutch arrangement becomes rather complex. As opposed to the two-engine system, the instant invention contemplates using a large number of the elements necessary in two engines, as two carburetors, two intake manifolds, two magnetos or distributors, together with spark coils, and two crankshafts. The instant invention avoids the necessity of two independent blocks, two independent cooling systems, exhaust systems including manifolds, oil pumps and other structural elements such as pans.

Moreover, by using a single block and rendering separate groups of pistons operative for working, one group or both groups may be employed to operate the tractor to a set or locale for performing an operation. Then, one of the groups of pistons may be rendered ineffectual, while the other is employed for operating the power shaft. Insofar as operation is concerned, substantially one-half of the useful taxable horsepower of the engine is used. If the load becomes too great, it is necessary only to put the other group of pistons to work.

Insofar as cooling is concerned, in that both groups of pistons are located, in the same block, while one group is used, the other group region is of necessity heated to an appreciable degree. Starting of the second group is materially facilitated in this manner.

Each of the illustrated embodiments of the invention is as important as the other. Arbitrarily, the embodiment of the invention of Figure 2 is chosen fOr structural and operational description. A cylinder block I2 is provided with two groups of cylinders l6 and i8, 29. The cylinders iii and it make up a first group, while the cylinders It and is make up a second group. The cylinders H!- and 2s have their longitudinal axes in a single plane at an angle with respect to the vertical, while the cylinders l6 and I? have their longitudinal axes in a plane intersecting the first-mentioned plane, causing a V-type arrangernent. Each cylinder has a piston therein, the pistons 2| and 22 making up a first group and disposed in the cylinders l4 and 16, while the pistons 24 and 25 are disposed in the cylinders l8 and 29. Each piston has a connecting rod operatively connected therewith for attachment to the pair of crankshafts.

The crankshaft 26 has the pairs of pistons 2| and 22 operatively connected therewith, while the U crankshaft 23 has the pairs of pistons 24 and 25 operatively connected therewith. The crankshafts are in longitudinal alignment in this instance and are carried by bearings 36. Any number of bearings may be employed as found necessary and as considered necessary from a design standpoint. A flywheel housin 32 is disposed in advance of the cylinder block l2 and has a flywheel connected with the crankshaft 26 disposed therein. A flywheel housing 34 is disposed rearwardly of the block i2 and has a flywheel disposed therein which is fixed to the crankshaft 28.

A lay shaft 38 is mounted in bearings it and has a gear #2 at one end thereof. A pulley M is disposed at the other end thereof for the purpose of operating the double sheave 46 through the pulley belt 48. A shaft 58 parallel to said shaft 38 is disposed in the block I2 and carried by conventional bearings 52, any number of which may be provided. A gear 54 is fixed to the shaft 5!! intermediate its ends, and there is a pulley 56 secured to the outer end of said shaft 50. This pulley also drives the double sheave 46 through the medium of the belt 58. Because the shafts 5e and 38 may rotate at different speeds with respect to each other and because one of the shafts may be held stationary While the other is operating, a ratchet mechanism of conventional description is disposed in the housing 653 which is connected at the front end of the flywheel housing 32 and between that and the double sheave 46.

A gear 62 is secured to the crankshaft 2t and meshed with the gear ":54. Thus, when the first group of pistons is operated, the shaft 50 is also actuated at a speed relative to the speed of the crankshaft 26, depending on the number of teeth in the gears 54 and 62.

A gear 64 is secured to the end of the crankshaft 28 and is enmeshed with the gear 42. Hence, when the crankshaft 28 is operated, the shaft 38 is also actuated a speed proportional to the speed of the crankshaft 25, depending upon the number of teeth on the gears 52 and 66, respectively.

A case, generally indicated at 56, is disposed at the rear of said cylinder block 12 and houses a number of structural elements. The crankshaft 28 continues through the rear wall of the cylinder block or through a partition depending below said cylinder block and after passing through an oil seal terminates in a clutch 63 which is preferably of the friction type. A clutch operating yoke 10 is used for engaging and disengaging the clutch members in order to couple or uncouple the splined shaft 12 alternately with the crank-- shaft 28. The shaft 12 is mounted in a bearing '54, any number of which may be employed. A clutch to be operated by the yoke it which is preferably of the tooth type and which is indicated at 78 couples the driven shaft 8% with the splined shaft 12. The driven shaft 8b is adapted to operate the single transmission in the tractor which, in turn, through a propeller shaft, actuates the rear wheels of the tractor through the differential, A sliding gear 82 forming a part of a gear train is disposed in the splines 85 of the driven shaft and is to be operated by the clutch operating yoke 85. The gear 82 simply slides axially of the driven shaft Bil. As previously discussed, all of the shafts are mounted in suitable bearings so that they will rotate properly.

The shaft 56 has a friction clutch 3t operatively connected with the end opposite the pulley 5t and there is a yoke 9i! employed to engage and disengage the clutch elements. Upon engagement of the clutch elements, the splined shaft 92 has torque applied thereto which is ultimately derived from the crankshaft 28. A mechanical clutch S34 is operatively connected with the splined shaft 92 and the shaft 96 which is supported in suitable bearings Bl. The yoke 98 is used to actuate the mechanical clutch 9- 3 so that torque from the crankshaft 26 is applied to the gear 530 which is fixed to the shaft 96. The gears 00 and 82 are enmeshed with each other, as disclosed in Figure 2, thereby forming a gear train. A mechanical clutch :2 is operatively connected with the shaft 96 in the rear of the gear Mill and the power take-off or power shaft lii i. The yoke I06 is adapted for manual operation of the mechanical clutch I02.

For the operation of this form of the invention, together with the other two illustrated embodiments, attention is invited to Figures 5-8. The cylinder block to has the case or housing 66 extending from the rear thereof accommodating the described gear train, shafting. and clutch arrangements. Torque derived from the crankshaft 25 is imparted to the shaft 50. If the clutch 88 is disengaged, the first crankshaft 26, together with the first group of pistons does no useful work insofar as operation of the power shaft is concerned. Similarly, if it is desired to employ the second group of pistons and the first group of pistons to operate thedriven shaft 38 without operating the shaft Hie, this may be accomplished. Adjustment as shown in Figure 5 attains this end. Torque is applied to the shaft 86 through the gear train including gears 82 and rec, through both the clutches I8 and 94 and through both friction clutches 68 and 88. At this time, the mechanical clutch Hi2 is in the disengaged condition so that the shaft 404 will simply float or rotate freely.

Under some operating conditions, one group of pistons may be used most satisfactorily for the purpose of imparting torque to the shaft 99,

while the other group of pistons is used to impart torque to the shaft I04. This is accomplished by engaging all clutches (Figure 6) but moving the gears 82 and I00 to such condition that they are no longer enmeshed. At this time and under this operating condition, the first group of pistons operating the first crankshaft will impart torque to the shaft I02, while the second crankshaft imparts torque to the shaft 50.

It might well be that for light operations one group of pistons is all that is necessary (low horsepower used) to perform the operationof moving the tractor or other vehicle through the field or on a road and to perform an ancillary task accomplishable by operation of the power shaft use. To this end, adjustment or regulation of the elements as disclosed'in Figure 7 is made. The torque derived from the first crankshaft goes throughthe clutch 88 and to one element of the clutch 94 which is separated from the other element. Hence, if the first group of pistons is operative at all, it will impart no torque to the shaft I04. It will be necessary to use only an amount of fuel to maintain this first group of pistons operative so that this particular sub-engine is idling. Actually, this particular group of pistons and sub-engine may be rendered inoperative by the usual means, as cutting the ignition.

Torque from the crankshaft 2B is delivered through the clutches 68 and'IS and through the gear train including gears 82 and Iilil so as to impart rotary movement to thesh'afts 80 and Hi l.

In instanceswherein'both crankshafts are to be used to deliver power to both shafts 86 and tilt, all of the clutches are engaged as disclosed in Figure 8 and the gears Bland I forming said gear train are enmeshed.

The above operation applies to each embodiment of the invention, there being a slightly different structural arrangement principally in relative positions of elements, the final operation of all embodiments of the invention being identical. I

Reference is now made to Figure 3, wherein the second embodiment of the invention is-illus- Each crankshaft has a number of pistons operatively connected therewith which are operable in cylinders provided in the cylinder block. Two groups of pistons are used, one group being con nected with the crankshaft I23 and the other group being connected with the crankshaft 522.

At the front of the cylinder block, the crankshaft extends forwardly through a sleeve in; and has a pulley I26 fixed thereto. A belt I23 is disposed around the pulley I26 and also around a double sheave I36. The double sheave H9 is mounted for rotation on a shaft, the shaft being disposed in a ratchet gear box I32 having a ratchet mechanism therein which is purely conventional and which permits the sheave 36 to be operated by either the belt I28 or the belt I36, depending on which belt is operating faster.

The belt I36 is entrained around a pulley E38 which is fixed to the outer end of the crankshaft i222. A fan [Mi is secured to the double sheave I30 or is, in the conventional way, operated off one of the belts.

A case or housing M2 is disposed in the rear of the cylinder block H6 and has a flywheel housing his disposed therein whereby a flywheel connected with the shaft I20 is housed. A clutch M3, preferably of the friction type, is operatively connected with the conventional pressure head associated with the flywheel, and the yoke W] is used to engage and disengage the clutch elements. A length of shaft I52 is mounted in suit" able bearings carried by the partition I5 i in the housing M2 and it is on this shaft that the splined part of the clutch operating element slides. A mechanical clutch I66 is disposed on the shaft I52 and also on the inner end of the driven shaft 52 which is analogous to the shaft Bii, serving the same purpose as the shaft 28. A yoke I54 is'ernployed for operation of the mechanical clutch I66.

A gear I66 which forms a part of a gear train is fixed to a shaft ISZ and is enmeshed by the pinion I68 which is mounted on the lay shaft IHl. This lay shaft is carried in bearings Iii and has a pinion I14 slidable thereon axially of the lay shaft I10 and operable by means of the yoke I16.

The pinion I68 forms a part of the above mentioned gear train, as does the gear I78 which is pinned or otherwise rigidly fixed to the shaft I which serves the same purpose as the power take-off shaft or power shaft It.

In the previous embodiment, where it was necessary to move one of the two gears to disengage the gears 82 and Hill, in this embodiment of the invention the gear train consists of three gears and it is necessary to operate the pinion on the shaft I10 and axially of said shaft I'Ifi to cause the gear train to be complete. As a necessary result, the'shafts I62 and I30 will not be actuated in opposite directions from each other as will be the case in the embodiment of the invention of Figures 2 and 4. p

The flywheel IE8 is disposed in the case It? and is fixed to the crankshaft I22. A clutch lefiof the friction type is operatively connected with the pressure head associated with said flywheel. This clutch is to. be rendered effectual or ineifectualfor coupling the shaft I92 for driving connection with the crankshaft I22 by means of the yoke I94 which slides a part of the clutch on the splines I96 of the shaft I92. The power shaft I80 which has the gear I18 thereon has splines (unshown) at the inner end thereof on which one element of the mechanical clutch I98 is operable. A yoke 200 is employed to operate the mechanical clutch I98, releasably coupling the clutch parts of the mechanical clutch I98 together so as to impart rotary movement to the shaft I80 from the shaft I92.

Reference is now made to the embodiment of the invention in Figure 4.v The cylinder block, generally indicated at 2H3, is provided with a number of cylinders which are in line. For facility of operation, a straight type-four cylinder engine block is shown, although multiples of various numbers of cylinders may be used. The first group of pistons, each of which is indicated at H2, is operatively connected with the crankshaft 2H! which is mounted in bearings 219. The fiywheel 2l8 is disposed in advance of the cylinder block 2l0 and the shaft 2M in advance of the flywheel 2| 8 has a conventional ratchet mechanism 220 operatively connected therewith, and on which the double sheave 222 is mounted. This double sheave has a pair of belts 220 and 226 entrained therearound, these belts being also entrained around pulleys 229 and 280, respectively. The pulley 228 is secured to the lay shaft 232, mounted in bearings 23%. The shaft 232 is parallel to the crankshaft 2M and it has a gear 239 at its inner end enmeshed with a gear 238.

A shaft 240 is mounted in bearings 242 and is disposed in part within the cylinder block H9. The outer end of the shaft 240 carries the pulley are for rotation. Intermediate the ends of the shaft 240 there is a gear 248 which is enmeshed with the gear 250. The gear 250 is fixed to the inner end of the crankshaft 2, while the gear 239 is fixed to the outer end of the crankshaft 25 The crankshaft 254 has pistons 256 secured thereto by means of connecting rod bearings, there being two of these pistons provided, forming a group. Thus, as the crankshaft 254 is operated, the shaft 232 is operated through the gears 23%; and 23B, whereby operation of the pulley 228 takes place. As the crankshaft El i is operated, the shaft 240 is also actuated through the gears 259 and 248, as is the pulley 230.

Formed as a continuation of the crankshaft 281i is a splined shaft 280, which is mounted in suitable bearings 262 carried by the partition of the case 299. This case is disposed in the rear of the engine cylinder block 218 and is held in place by any adaptable means such as bolts.

A friction-type clutch 268 is operatively connected with the pressure head associated with he flywheel of the shaft 254 and which is mounted in a housing 270. A yoke 272 is operatively connected with one of the parts of the friction clutch 268 so as to render it in engagement and disengagement. When the splined shaft 299 is rendered operative, the shaft 274 is actuated at such time that the mechanical clutch is arranged to impart torque from the shaft 280 to the shaft 27-2. The yoke 218 is employed for the purpose of moving the parts of the mechanical clutch 216 together and spaced from each other.

A train of gears including the gear 280 is providedin association with the shaft 214 and in association with the shaft 282. The driven shaft 284, which is analogous in function to the shaft and the driven shaft I62, is supplied in mechanical connection with the gear 280, as by the splines 28%. The yoke 288 is used to slide the gear 280 in the splines 268 so that the gear is selectively drivingly connected with the gear 290 and disconnected therewith or moved to an out-of-mesh condition.

The shaft 240 has a friction clutch 292 at its outer end which couples this shaft with the splined shaft 294. The yoke 290 is provided for the purpose of moving the elements of the clutch 292 against each other and away from each other so that the shafts 240 and 294 may be selectively coupled and uncoupled.

Said shaft 282 has a mechanical clutch 296, as the tooth type, operatively connected therewith and it is also operatively connected with the shaft 294. The yoke 298 is employed for the purpose of moving the parts of the mechanical clutch 299 together and away from each other so that this clutch may be rendered operative and inoperative.

The power shaft or power take-off shaft 300 which is directly analogous to the shaft I00 and the shaft I80 is provided with a splined inner end so that the mechanical clutch 302 is operable thereon. The yoke 304 is used for the pur pose of sliding the various parts of the mechanical clutch 382 into engagement whereby coupling of the power shaft 300 with the splined shaft 282 takes place.

Having described the claimed as new is:

In a vehicle which has a single difierential and a single transmission, the improvement which comprises an internal combustion engine to actuate the vehicle through the transmission and differential, said engine including a first and a second crankshaft, a driven shaft arranged to actuate the transmission, means releasably connecting said driven shaft with said first and said second crankshaft, a power shaft, means releasably connecting said power shaft for operation with said first and second crankshaft, said connecting means including a plurality of clutches, and a gear train consisting of gears arranged to be adjusted to an out-of-mesh condition.

invention, what is References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 845,850 Carter Mar. 5, 1907 1,019,283 Surcouf Man 5, 1912 1,386,489 Birkigt Aug. 2, 1921 2,075,741 Miller Mar. 30, 1937 2,297,214 Gosslau Sept. 29, 1942 2,300,977 Schlaepfer Nov. 3, 1942 2,310,269 Waeber Feb. 9, 1943 2,419,811 Beall Apr. 29, 1947 2,505,856 Gregory May 2, 1950 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 113,655 Sweden Mar. 27, 1945 309,400 Germany Nov. 21, 1918 

